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1993-05-03
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
Contact: Diane Ainsworth
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 16, 1991
Investigations of the sun's fiery outer atmosphere will
intensify when the Ulysses spacecraft passes behind the sun on
Wednesday, August 21.
"A spacecraft such as Ulysses, which is slightly above the
plane of the Earth's orbit, will appear to pass just above the
sun," said JPL's Dr. Edward J. Smith, project scientist for NASA,
which is managing the mission jointly with the European Space
Agency (ESA). "At conjunction, radio waves transmitted from the
spacecraft will travel through and become distorted by the inner-
most region of the corona."
Conjunction will occur when the spacecraft and Earth are on
opposite sides of the sun. Signals sent from the spacecraft to
Earth during this alignment will be distorted by the denser part
of the sun's outer atmosphere, known as the corona.
While interference from the conjunction will temporarily
degrade communications with the spacecraft, the alignment will
create an ideal situation for radio science experiments, added
Dr. Edgar Page, ESA science coordinator.
"The radio signals from Ulysses will pass close to the sun's
surface and travel through the dense lower solar atmosphere,"
Page said. At closest approach, the signals will cross through
1
the sun's corona at four solar radii -- 2.9 million kilometers or
1.8 million miles -- from the center of the sun.
Scientists are interested in studying the innermost layers
of the corona, where gases are particularly thick and dense.
Subtle changes in the character of the radio waves reaching Earth
from the spacecraft will be examined to provide information on
the hot gases through which the waves have passed.
The Solar Corona Experiment, one of two radio science
experiments using the spacecraft's two radio transmitters, will
study the density, velocity and turbulence of the solar
atmosphere. Dr. Michael Bird of the University of Bonn, Germany,
is the experiment's principal investigator.
"This radio probing of the corona provides an opportunity to
obtain information in solar regions where no spacecraft has
flown," Smith said. "The Ulysses flight path is particularly
favorable scientifically because the radio waves will travel
through a region of the corona in which the solar wind is thought
to originate."
The mission operations team at Jet Propulsion Laboratory
said routine maneuvering of the spacecraft will not be possible
for about 15 days during the solar conjunction.
"The spacecraft has been placed in a mode to operate
autonomously during the conjunction," said Peter Beech, ESA
mission operations manager. "The automatic conjunction mode
allows the spacecraft to carry out pre-programmed computer
instructions necessary to maintain on-board operations."
Once the spacecraft has moved away from the sun, ground
controllers will reestablish routine commanding and begin to
acquire the new data. The Solar Corona Experiment will continue
to operate for about two weeks after solar conjunction.
Ulysses is presently traveling just above the ecliptic
plane -- the plane in which the Earth and sun orbit -- on its way
to Jupiter.
On February 8, 1992, the spacecraft will fly by the planet
at closest approach of about 235,000 miles above the cloud tops,
using the gravitational pull of Jupiter to swing itself out of
the ecliptic plane and onward to the poles of the sun.
Ulysses is a five-year mission to study the poles of the
sun, managed jointly by NASA's Office of Space Science and
Applications and the European Space Agency. The spacecraft will
begin its primary science objectives in June 1994, when it
reaches 70 degrees south solar latitude.
Tracking and data collection during the mission are provided
by NASA's Deep Space Network, which is managed by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory.
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